Roofing



Aug. 12,1930. B. E. HORNE 1,772,487

ROOFING Filed June 24, 1926 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 m U1 m m m m an u: m m m cum m m m m m A cu II! m m m a: m m m m m m m 5 cm H] :1: E13 m m 5 m m cu:1: v m m m m m a m 57 m m m m 52' m 54 m m /4 F m m 5/ m III /0 m mINVENTOR.

M 5 W BY W ATTORNEY Aug. 12, 1930. 5.5. HORNE ,4

ROOFING Filed June 24, 1926 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

' 5. W BY 1 A/m@- Aug. 12, 1930. B. E. HORNE 1,772,487

ROOFING Filed June 24, 1926 r 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR. M 21 BY 4MMTT0RNEY. k

I Patented Aug. 12, 1930 PATENT OFFICE BUBCKABD E. HORNE, F ANDOVEB,MASSACHUSETTS Boon-me Application filed June 24,

This invention relates to shingles, particularly those. of the asbestosor composition type, and the method of applyin them to a roof. It mightbe used wit meta or wooden shin les if desired.

7 l ith one type of roof, rectangular shingles, with the lower. andupper edges parallel to eaves and ridge, are used, the old method beingeither to mark a line along the 10 .lower edges or to use a straightedge. A type of roof to which m invention applies however is that inwhic the shingles are of rectangular or diamond shapes, with the pointsup, or of any shape in which the upper edges aresubstantially in theform of an isosceles triangle, the upper points. of all the shingles inany particular course being equi-distant apart and in a line parallelwith the ridge.

Great difliculty has been found in correctly laying such shingles evenwhere lines are drawn parallel with the ridge, or where a straight edgeis used along the bottom edges or. points; The bottom edges are often inthe shape of cut off points or may be all of more or less fancifuldesign.

I am well aware that notches and tangs and other methods of marking theshingles in the various courses, to asssist in properly alining them,have been used, but this particular in- 39 vention applies to marksalongthe upper.

edges of a shingle which is substantially pomted at the top, my markingsbeing of such character that the lower mark 0 an upper course coincideswith an'upper opposite mark of a lower course.

By this, arrangement, if it is necessary to fasten down the bottomcorner of the shingle, this may be done in any of various ways, but themarks or marking slots along the upper edges are entirely covered upwhen the roof is finished, and donot show at all.

By the use of passages, by which term I also include notches, in mypreferred construction if a roof is not even I can at any stage of thelaying, mark a straight parallel line on the roof and, as I can see thisline through my notches or holes, I can at any time readily rectify thealinement.

When the lowest row of shingles is correctly set, by using for at leastpart of my 1926. Serial No. 118,158.

setting marks, suitable passages such as notches or holes, I can causethe marks in the next course to accurately register on the opposite hiher .or lower marks on .the two adoining s ingles in the lower courseover the edgesof which it overlaps, and thus secure a perfect alinement.

i I prefer to use notches, the lower edges of the two upper of which arein a line parallel with the edges of the lower notches, both lines to beparallel with the ridge.

The type of shingle to which my invention applies as at the to twohorizontal adjacent substantially straig t edges which come together ata junction, which is intended to be laid at the top. The other two edgesare preferably substantially straight and come together in such formthat when laid, they cover the right and left junction points of thenext lower course, and also the upper junction of the second lowercourse.

In referrin to the edges of the shingles I will describe the twoadjoining top edges as the top edges, and the other two as the bottomedges, and will refer to the upper left and lower right marks asopposites, and the upper right and lower left marks as opposites.

In the drawings, F i 1 is a view which may be called a plan or e evationas it shows a roof, the pitch of which is usually about 45, covered withone type of shingles embodying my invention, part of the roof beingbroken away to show a working line for the roof.

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 of a section of roof on a somewhatlarger scale, certain parts being indicated by dotted lines, and othersbroken away for clearness.

Fig. 3 shows a single shingle of the type shownas laid in Figs. 1 and 2,

Figs. 4, 5 and 6 show other types of shingles with my device appliedthereto.

Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 2 but on a still'larger scale, and withVarious sections broken away to show the construction.

Fig. 8 shows the application to another slightly diiferent type ofshingle.

Fig. 9 shows a difiercnt kind of alining mark or hole.

Fig. 10 shows an alternative construction.

Fig. 11 shows a single shingle and Fig. 12 a roof of a modified type.

Fig. 13 shows another modification.

In the drawings, A represents a roof which is shown as of rectangularshape, with the ends 3 and 4, bottom edge 2 and ridge 1.

B represents generally shinggles of the type indicated, while B, B Bshows how .these shingles are laid.

Ea shingle is of substantially rectangular or diamond shape, the bottomedges 11 and 14 instead of coming to a point, bemg cut off at 10.

v The top edges 12 and 13, instead of coming to a point with the bottomed cs 11 and 14, are formed into the tangs 16 an 17 while near thebottom the material is cut at 115 to form a lockin tang 15, which asshown in Fig. 7, is intended to pass under'16 and 17, thus holding downthe bottom part of the shingle.

The top point between the sides 12 and 13 is also cut away at 18, butthis is merely a result of the method of cutting the tang 17 from thestock.

The top edges 12 and 13 of each shingle have two sets of oppositelydisposed notches or marks 20 and 21, and 22 and 23, which are preferablyof angular form, the lower edges, such as 120 and 123, of each notchbeing parallel with the ridge when the shingles are laid. Such loweredges in all cases are of I the same length, while the upper edges suchnotches such as 22 and 23 are ined u as 220 and 223 are of equal ength.When such notches are superimposed as shown in Fig. 7, they form atriangiular passage through which a line, such as on the roof can beseen.

vSuch a line X, Y, is also shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, and it is obviousthat where a locking tang such as 15 or any other locking device suchfor instance as L, shown in Fig. 8, is used, the bottom point orjunction --Y, marked of the bottom edges can be located and held whilethe two oppositely dis osed bottom on a line such as X, Y, or are linedup with the top edges such as 12 and '13 of the shin les of the nextlower course whether such s ingles have any top notches such as 20 and21' or not. Moreover as the lowest course is accurately started, it'is,clear that if only the bottom notches or marks on the top edges are usedin connection with any third point such as tang 15, the shingles of anupper course can individuallybe accurately positioned-with reference tothose on the next lower course and the roof in general. On the otherhand if there is no fastening device at the lower point, see Figs. 9 to13, either or both of the upper marks make the third positioning meansor indicator whereby each shingle can be accurately laced.

However if there is no ockin means for the bottom point and no to mar s,but only the two marks, one near t e bottomend of each top edge, theyare of great practical assistance in accurately placing each succeeding111211181 course b using a chalk line such as Y, or mere y by sightingalong them with the eye and etting) them in a straight line parallelwith the ottom edge of the roof.

Referring to Fig. 7, the lowest course, the shin les of which may beindicated by B, can e laid along the bottom edge 2 of the roof, or alonga marked line or straight edge, maklng the part 10 parallel with theridge and the diagonal line from 18 to 10 at ri t angles thereto.

- 'A shingle of the next course such as B, is so laid that the loweredge 123 of the bottom right notch of its upper edge 13 coincides withand lies directly over the bottom edge 120 of the upper left notch inthe opposite upper edge 12 of the next lower course B.

This brings the tang 17 in position where,

My device may be applied to shin les such as shown in Fig. 4 at F,whichhave t eir own peculiar locking device 56 at the bottom, by cuttingthe-two sets'of oppositely disposed notches 50 and 51, 52 and 53 in theupper ed es thereof. I

n Fig. 5, at G, another type of bottom fastening device 66 is showntogether with settin notches 60, 61, and 62, 63. a

In 1 6 the shingle C has no locking device at t e bottom although it maybe turned up underneath as indicated at 35 if desired,

and this has the setting notches 30,31 and This type of shingle as shownin Fig. 8, may be used in connection with a fastener of metal L whichholds down the bottom edge.

As shown in Fig. 9, I may use as marking passages, the holes 320, 321,322, 323, pierced through and proximate the top adjoining edges 318,319.

In this case, I cause the lower right hole 323 of an upper courseshingle K to register with the upper left hole 3200f a lower courseshingle K, and cause the lower left hole 322 to register with an upperright such as 321 of a lower course.

' The essential feature of my invention is the use of two sets each oftwo marks, preferably in form of passages placed near the top edges; thetwo upper marks being at equal distances from the top and the two lowermarks being at equal distances therefrom.

I may use as shown in Fig. 11, passages or holes such as 72 or 73 forthe lower marks, and merely dots or other similar marks such as 70 and71 for the upper marks.

In this case the holes 73 and 72 of the course indicated by M and M arepassed over the upper marks 70 and 71 of the lower course shingle M",care being taken to center them like the bulls-eye of a tar et. When thecourses indicated by M and 2 and M are laid, the lower ends of the nextcourse M cover up the marks entirely as shown in Fig. 12.

As shown in Fig. 13, instead of any passages, I may use marks such aspainted lines,

- or creases, or rows of punctures.

These are shown on the shingles P P P, P. Two u per marks are indicatedby 80 and 81 and the two lower marks by 82 and 83.

As shown, these are of angular form, but it is obvious that variousother forms might be used.

The end of each upper mark 81 on a shin gle such as P in a lower courseregisters with the end of a lower mark such as 82 on the top adjoiningedge of a shingle such as P in the next upper course. The end of mark 83on shingle P registers with the end of mark 80 on shingle P.

I claim:

1. 'The combination with a pitched roof having a substantially straighthorizontal ridge; of a pluralit of shingles each of substantiallyrectangu ar shape positioned with a point towards the top and inoverlapping courses from the bottom toward the top, the bottom edges ofthe upper rows over-lapping the top edges of the next lower row; the topedges of each shingle having two sets of similar oppositely disposedangular notches the lower edge of each notch being parallel with theridge, the lower edges of the upper notches being in the same line andthe lower edges of the lower notches being in a different line, bothlines being parallel with each other and with the ridge, the lower notchon one side of each shingle being over and registering with the upperopposite notch of a shingle in a lower course.

2. A roof comprising a plurality of horiing with the lower edge of anupper opposite notch of a shingle in a lower course.

3. A roof comprising a plurality of horizontal courses of flat flexiblefiber. shingles arranged so that the shingles of successive coursespartly overlie the shingles of the next lower course, each of saidshingles having its top edges disposed at an angle with the courses ofshing es and each top edge having an upper passage, such upper passagesbeing in a line parallel with the courses and each top edge having alower passa e, such lower passages being in a line paral el with thecourses, the lower passage of an upper course registering with the upperopposite passage 0 a lowercourse.

4. A roof comprising a' lurality of horizontal courses of flat flexililefiber shingles arranged so that the shingles of successive coursespartly overlie the shin les of the next lower course, each of said singles having its top edges disposed at an angle with the courses ofshingles and each edge having proximate its upper end an upper mark andnear its lower end a lower mark; the upper mark on one edge of a shinglein a lower course registering with the lower opposite mark of a shinglein the next upper course.

5. A roof comprising a lurality of horizontal courses of flat flexi 1efiber shingles arranged 'so that the shingles of successive. coursespartly overlie the shingles of the next lower course, each of saidshingles having its top edges dis osed at an angle with the courses ofshing es, and each top edge having near its upper end an upper mark, andnear its lower end a lower mark, the upper marks being equidistant fromthe top and the lower marks being equidistant from the top, the uppermark on one edge of a shingle in a lower course registering with thelower opposite mark of a shingle in the next upper course.

BURGHARD E. HORNE.

zontal courses of shingles arranged so that the shingles of successivecourses partly overlie the shingles of the next lower course, each ofsaid shingles having its upper part formed as an isosceles triangle eachside of which has two angular notches, the lower edges of the two uppernotches being in line and the lower edges of the two lower notches beingin line, such lines being parallel with the courses of shingles and thelower edge of each lower notch of an upper course register-

